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The Heart and the Blood Vessels

Can you now tell me how the circulation of blood is performed by the heart?
A schematic representation of the circulation of blood by the heart through the blood vessels is shown in this figure shows the heart as a double – sided pump, the right and the left. As stated earlier, the right side receives the blood from the whole body and pumps it into the lungs for oxygenation. The left side receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the aorta, which, through its arterial branches, takes the blood to every part of the body. The arteries are stoutly built tubes made of muscle and elastic tissue. They carry the blood to the head and neck, upper limbs, chest, abdomen, pelvic organs and the lower limbs. As they approach their destination, i.e., the tissues, they divide and subdivide into smaller and smaller branches and finally into capillaries. The latter are the finest of vessels and are spread out into the tissues. The blood is finally collected from the capillaries by the veins and through them is returned to the right side of the heart, thus completing the circle – from the heart to the lungs, back to the heart, on to the tissues, and back to the heart.

What is the speed of circulation of blood?
The circulation of blood is so rapid that the whole mass of blood ( about 5 litres) passes through the body, heart and lungs in less than a minute. you can, therefore, imagine the magnitude of the work which the heart has to perform throughout our lives.

Doctor, I have understood how the blood circulates, but I do not see why the heart has to circulate the blood?
Oxygen, water and nutrients have to be collected and transported to every cell of the body. The blood is a carrier of these essential elements, without which the tissues cannot live. These elements are constantly being supplied to the tissues through the blood. That is the reason why heart has to circulate blood.

From where does the blood obtain these elements?
The oxygenation of the blood is carried out in the lungs by the process of respiration, which, at the same time, rids the blood of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is produced by metabolic processes in the tissues and is carried by the blood in the veins. Water and nutrients are added to the blood by the alimentary canal, i.e., the intestines.

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